{"id":745,"date":"2013-01-13T17:51:26","date_gmt":"2013-01-13T23:51:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/?p=745"},"modified":"2021-02-21T17:52:17","modified_gmt":"2021-02-21T23:52:17","slug":"yapa-charque-y-el-quechua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/es\/2013\/01\/13\/yapa-charque-y-el-quechua\/","title":{"rendered":"Yapa, charque y el quechua"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Una representaci&oacute;n de los famosos puentes de cuerda, una de las haza&ntilde;as de la cultura quechua-inc&aacute;ica. Extra&iacute;da de la monumental historia visual del Per&uacute;, &ldquo;Nueva cor&oacute;nica y buen gobierno&rdquo; (1615) de Felipe Guam&aacute;n Poma de Ayala.<\/p>\n<p>Querida lectora o lector,<\/p>\n<p>Un lector argentino nos pregunta c&oacute;mo traducir&nbsp;<em>yapa<\/em>&nbsp;al ingl&eacute;s.<\/p>\n<p>Este fascinante vocablo se refiere a una a&ntilde;adidura de mercader&iacute;a entregada al cliente sin cargo, o a cualquier &ldquo;peque&ntilde;o extra&rdquo; de algo.<\/p>\n<p>El origen de &ldquo;yapa&rdquo; est&aacute; en el quechua, la lengua del imperio inc&aacute;ico. El contacto quechua-espa&ntilde;ol fue masivo a partir de 1532; a &eacute;l se deben voces como &ldquo;cancha&rdquo;, &ldquo;&ntilde;ato&rdquo;, &ldquo;poroto&rdquo;, &ldquo;choclo&rdquo;, &ldquo;papa&rdquo;, &ldquo;mate&rdquo; y otras.<\/p>\n<p>Para traducir &ldquo;yapa&rdquo; al ingl&eacute;s recurrimos, en efecto,&nbsp;al franc&eacute;s: la palabra<em>lagnappe<\/em>&nbsp;(&oacute;&nbsp;<em>lagniappe<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>El camino que conduce desde &ldquo;yapa&rdquo; a&nbsp;<em>lagniappe&nbsp;<\/em>tiene sus vueltas:&nbsp; para empezar, &ldquo;&ntilde;apa&rdquo; es una variante palatalizada de &ldquo;yapa&rdquo;, &nbsp;donde el primer sonido se forma subiendo la lengua hasta el paladar.<\/p>\n<p>Resulta que los franc&oacute;fonos de Luisiana, zona de amplio contacto con el espa&ntilde;ol, o&iacute;an &ldquo;la &ntilde;apa&rdquo; como una palabra, afrances&aacute;ndola a&nbsp;<em>lagnappe.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>La graf&iacute;a &lsquo;gn&rsquo; en franc&eacute;s (como en italiano) ya tiene valor de &lsquo;&ntilde;&rsquo; pero agregando la &lsquo;i&rsquo; los angloparlantes entend&iacute;an mejor la pronunciaci&oacute;n. En Luisiana,&nbsp;<em>lagniappe&nbsp;<\/em>tambi&eacute;n puede significar propina y hasta mordida.<\/p>\n<p>En M&eacute;xico, el regalito del vendedor al cliente&nbsp;se llama &ldquo;pil&oacute;n&rdquo; o &ldquo;piloncillo&rdquo;. Esta &uacute;ltima palabra tambi&eacute;n significa una peque&ntilde;a&nbsp;pir&aacute;mide de az&uacute;car sin refinar. La conexi&oacute;n tal vez sea&nbsp;por haber&nbsp;sido los piloncillos&nbsp;mismos&nbsp;una t&iacute;pica &ldquo;yapa&rdquo;, o bien por la idea de la punta que completa la monta&ntilde;a.&nbsp; (El ensayo de &ldquo;Mexico Bob&rdquo; sobre la voz &ldquo;pil&oacute;n&rdquo;, tan ameno como completo,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/mexicobob.blogspot.com\/2009\/01\/quiero-mi-piln.html\">puede leerse en ingl&eacute;s aqu&iacute;<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>En ingl&eacute;s es com&uacute;n tambi&eacute;n la palabra&nbsp;<em>bonus<\/em>&nbsp;(bonificaci&oacute;n, bono); la expresi&oacute;n&nbsp;<em>a baker&rsquo;s dozen<\/em>&nbsp;(docena del panadero, o sea 13) transmite pintorescamente la idea de una yapa.<\/p>\n<p>Otra voz de origen quechua, &ldquo;charque&rdquo; o &ldquo;charqui&rdquo; (carne disecada y salada) se traduce al ingl&eacute;s preservando &mdash;al igual que el caso de &ldquo;yapa&rdquo;&mdash; la ra&iacute;z andina:&nbsp;<em>jerky<\/em>, ra&iacute;z que como adjetivo tambi&eacute;n figura en&nbsp;<em>jerked chicken,&nbsp;<\/em>delicia jamaiquina.<\/p>\n<p><em>Good words!<br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pablo<\/p>\n<p>Copyright &copy;2013 Pablo J. Davis. Se reservan todos los derechos. All Rights Reserved. Una versi&oacute;n anterior de este ensayo se escribi&oacute; originalmente para la edici&oacute;n del&nbsp;20 enero 2013 de&nbsp;<em>La Prensa Latina&nbsp;<\/em>(Memphis, Tennessee), donde forma parte de la columna semanal Misterios y Enigmas de la Traducci&oacute;n\/Mysteries &amp; Enigmas of Translation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Una representaci&oacute;n de los famosos puentes de cuerda, una de las haza&ntilde;as de la cultura quechua-inc&aacute;ica. Extra&iacute;da de la monumental historia visual del Per&uacute;, &ldquo;Nueva cor&oacute;nica y buen gobierno&rdquo; (1615) de Felipe Guam&aacute;n Poma de Ayala. Querida lectora o lector, Un lector argentino nos pregunta c&oacute;mo traducir&nbsp;yapa&nbsp;al ingl&eacute;s. Este fascinante vocablo se refiere a una [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[776,777,778,779,780,75,77,781,78,653,645,83,656,681,657,782,783,784,658,647,648,91,92,632,785],"class_list":{"0":"post-745","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-interflujos-idioma-cultura-blog","7":"tag-bakers-es","8":"tag-bakers-doze-es","9":"tag-bonus-es","10":"tag-charque-es","11":"tag-charqui-es","12":"tag-cultura-es","13":"tag-culture-es","14":"tag-dozen-es","15":"tag-english-es","16":"tag-espanol-es","17":"tag-hispana-es","18":"tag-hispanic-es","19":"tag-ingles-es","20":"tag-interprete-es","21":"tag-interpreter-es","22":"tag-jerky-es","23":"tag-lagnappe-es","24":"tag-lagniappe-es","25":"tag-latin-es","26":"tag-latina-es","27":"tag-latinoamericana-es","28":"tag-spanish-es","29":"tag-traduccion-es","30":"tag-translation-es","31":"tag-yapa-es","32":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yapa, charque y el quechua - Interfluency<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/es\/2013\/01\/13\/yapa-charque-y-el-quechua\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yapa, charque y el quechua - Interfluency\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Una representaci&oacute;n de los famosos puentes de cuerda, una de las haza&ntilde;as de la cultura quechua-inc&aacute;ica. Extra&iacute;da de la monumental historia visual del Per&uacute;, &ldquo;Nueva cor&oacute;nica y buen gobierno&rdquo; (1615) de Felipe Guam&aacute;n Poma de Ayala. Querida lectora o lector, Un lector argentino nos pregunta c&oacute;mo traducir&nbsp;yapa&nbsp;al ingl&eacute;s. Este fascinante vocablo se refiere a una [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/es\/2013\/01\/13\/yapa-charque-y-el-quechua\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interfluency\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-01-13T23:51:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-21T23:52:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pablo J. Davis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pablo J. 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