{"id":511,"date":"2011-10-29T02:24:55","date_gmt":"2011-10-29T07:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/?p=511"},"modified":"2021-02-21T03:31:51","modified_gmt":"2021-02-21T09:31:51","slug":"dia-de-los-muertos-halloween-and-translation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/en\/2011\/10\/29\/dia-de-los-muertos-halloween-and-translation\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00eda de los Muertos, Halloween, and translation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Grinning skulls, jangling skeletons\u2026 candies, cakes, and other sweets\u2026 Halloween is almost upon us, and so too is the festival known in Mexico as \u2018D\u00eda de los Muertos\u2019 or more simply \u2018D\u00eda de Muertos\u2019.\u00a0 They are just two days apart: this year, Halloween falls on a Monday (Oct.31) and el D\u00eda de los Muertos –\u00a0 often rendered in\u00a0 English as \u2018the (Mexican) Day of the Dead\u2019 \u2013 on Wednesday (Nov.2).\u00a0 Surely these are two near-identical cultural equivalents! Surely they \u2018translate<\/a>\u2018 clearly and correctly one to the other!<\/p>\n

But do they really?\u00a0Just as the Spanish word \u2018amigo\u2019 (or \u2018amiga\u2019) and English \u2018friend\u2019 may be side-by-side in\u00a0bilingual dictionaries, yet tend to mean quite different things to the people using them \u2013 and the same can be said for familia\/family, fiesta\/party, and countless other culturally significant word pairs \u2013 so Halloween and D\u00eda de los Muertos share some key symbols and the time of year but are radically different phenomena.<\/p>\n

The (often unsuspected) differences between what many people think of as equivalent holidays\u00a0is not quite what is meant by the term \u00a0\u2019false friends\u2019.\u00a0 The latter term refers to words that appear to the foreign speaker to mean one thing, due to their similarity with a familiar word in her language, but that in fact mean something different.\u00a0 An English speaker, on reading in Spanish\u00a0that \u2018G\u00f3mez sufri\u00f3 repetidas injurias a manos de P\u00e9rez\u2019, may imagine that P\u00e9rez repeatedly assaulted\u00a0G\u00f3mez, causing him physical injuries; when in fact, Spanish \u2018injuria\u2019 means insults, lies, slander, and other sorts of verbal attacks.\u00a0 False friends can be tricky, but ultimately are fairly easily caught and corrected by speakers with good mastery of both languages.<\/p>\n

Not so cultural phenomena.\u00a0 There the differences are more subtle, may not even be captured by the bilingual dictionary.\u00a0 Most English speakers, for instance, more readily use \u2018friend\u2019 where a Spanish speaker tends to use \u2018compa\u00f1ero\u2019 or \u2018colega\u2019, reserving \u2018amigo\u2019 or \u2018amiga\u2019 for a closer relationship. In other words, \u2018amigo\/amiga\u2019 is a harder title to earn \u2013 we can think of it as perhaps socially more\u00a0\u2019expensive\u2019 \u2013 than is \u2018friend\u2019. No criticism of either culture meant here: it\u2019s simply a cultural difference, an important\u00a0one that can cause hurt and misunderstanding when not perceived by one side or the other.<\/p>\n

What does all this mean for Halloween and the D\u00eda de los Muertos?\u00a0 These two holidays, seemingly close equivalents if not downright interchangeable, map very differently onto the two cultures.\u00a0 Halloween is largely about defying and even mocking death, about neutralizing its terrors by rendering them theatrical.\u00a0 There is a kind of daring play involved, a dancing\u00a0around the macabre.<\/p>\n

In Mexican culture, el D\u00eda de los Muertos is something else entirely.\u00a0 One celebrates, remembers, honors, one\u2019s deceased loved ones \u2013 parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles \u2013 it\u2019s common to hear people speak of \u2018mi muertito\u2019 or \u2018mi muertita\u2019\u00a0(my beloved dead one) for a deceased father or grandmother, spouse or sibling. Ancient, pre-Columbian and pre-Christian traditions of ancestor worship and love were intertwined, over the colonial decades and centuries that unfolded after Contact and Conquest, with the Christian calendar and rites to create something new: scholars of religious history and culture refer to \u2018syncretic\u2019 religious practices.\u00a0 Thus the celebration of the D\u00eda de los Muertos came to coincide with\u00a0All Souls Day, or the\u00a0Commemoration of the Faithful Departed,\u00a0on the Christian calendar.<\/p>\n

The ramifications of ritual involved in this festivity are elaborate and complex.\u00a0 The baking of cakes in the form of skulls and skeletons, the making of skeletal figurines often fully dressed and adorned with hats and other accessories, the fashioning of altars bearing photographs of beloved dead and containing offerings to them, the creation of satiric verses, and a rich graphic tradition of death-related iconography (most famously in the work of Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe Posada, whose \u2018La Catrina\u2019 is above left) are just some of the flowerings of festive practice that the D\u00eda de los Muertos has given rise to.<\/p>\n

Though there are some cultural-religious practices elsewhere in Latin America that have some commonalities with El D\u00eda de los Muertos \u2013 for instance, the cult of \u2018San La Muerte\u2019\u00a0(Saint Death)\u00a0in the Guaran\u00ed cultural zone of\u00a0northern Argentina, southern Brazil, and Paraguay, deeply rooted in the populace but rejected by the Catholic Church as\u00a0pagan practice \u2013 there is nothing quite like El D\u00eda de los Muertos and its centrality in Mexican culture.<\/p>\n

Still,\u00a0the wholeness and acceptance in the face of mortality, and the imperative of sustaining connection with\u00a0loved ones no longer living, that are the heart of Mexico\u2019s D\u00eda de los Muertos form a thread that runs through much of Latin America\u2019s cultural map. Argentina\u2019s Atahualpa Yupanqui, wrote half a century ago in his memorable anthem, \u2018Los hermanos\u2019:<\/p>\n

Yo tengo tantos hermanos\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0I have so many brothers and sisters<\/em>
\nque no los puedo contar.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0that I can\u2019t count them all.<\/em>
\nEn el valle, la monta\u00f1a,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In the valleys, in the mountains,<\/em>
\nen la pampa y en el mar.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0On the pampas and at sea.<\/em><\/p>\n

Cada cual con sus\u00a0trabajos,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Each one with his work,<\/em>
\ncon sus sue\u00f1os, cada cual.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0with her dreams, each one.<\/em>
\nCon la esperanza adelante,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0With hope before them<\/em>
\ncon los recuerdos detr\u00e1s.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0And memories behind<\/em><\/p>\n

. . .<\/p>\n

Y as\u00ed, seguimos andando\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0And so we go on,<\/em>
\ncurtidos de soledad.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hardened by loneliness<\/em>
\nY en nosotros nuestros muertos\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0And inside us, we carry our dead<\/em>
\npa que nadie quede atr\u00e1s.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0So that nobody\u2019s left behind<\/em><\/p>\n

Yo tengo tantos hermanos\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0I have so many brothers and sisters<\/em>
\nque no los puedo contar . . .\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0that I cannot count them all . . .<\/em><\/p>\n

In the end, interpreting cultural phenomena across languages challenges us\u00a0to a subtlety of understanding\u00a0even beyond what\u00a0translation\u00a0<\/a>usually demands.\u00a0 Things that look the same can be fundamentally different.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grinning skulls, jangling skeletons\u2026 candies, cakes, and other sweets\u2026 Halloween is almost upon us, and so too is the festival known in Mexico as \u2018D\u00eda de los Muertos\u2019 or more simply \u2018D\u00eda de Muertos\u2019.\u00a0 They are just two days apart: this year, Halloween falls on a Monday (Oct.31) and el D\u00eda de los Muertos –\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[28,29,30,33,31,32,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,19],"class_list":{"0":"post-511","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-interflows-language-culture-blog","7":"tag-comparison","8":"tag-cultural","9":"tag-culture","10":"tag-death","11":"tag-dia-de-los-muertos","12":"tag-dia-de-muertos","13":"tag-festivities","14":"tag-halloween","15":"tag-hispanic","16":"tag-holidays","17":"tag-horror","18":"tag-latino","19":"tag-mexican","20":"tag-mexico","21":"tag-translation","22":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nD\u00eda de los Muertos, Halloween, and translation - Interfluency<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/en\/2011\/10\/29\/dia-de-los-muertos-halloween-and-translation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00eda de los Muertos, Halloween, and translation - Interfluency\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Grinning skulls, jangling skeletons\u2026 candies, cakes, and other sweets\u2026 Halloween is almost upon us, and so too is the festival known in Mexico as \u2018D\u00eda de los Muertos\u2019 or more simply \u2018D\u00eda de Muertos\u2019.\u00a0 They are just two days apart: this year, Halloween falls on a Monday (Oct.31) and el D\u00eda de los Muertos –\u00a0 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/interfluency.com\/en\/2011\/10\/29\/dia-de-los-muertos-halloween-and-translation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interfluency\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-10-29T07:24:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-21T09:31:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pablo J. 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